Compression of Composites ASTM D3410
Understanding Compression of Composites ASTM D3410
Polymer matrix composite materials have gained popularity due to their desirable properties, such as high strength, durability, and low weight. To ensure the reliability of these materials, it is essential to test their mechanical properties. One such test is the compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials by shear loading, as outlined in ASTM D3410.
The ASTM D3410 standard provides a framework for determining the in-plane compressive properties of composite materials by applying a compressive force into the specimen at wedge grip interfaces. This test method is most appropriate for composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers, such as tape and textile, but other materials can also be tested. The test fixture is designed to provide a compressive load to the unsupported center 12 to 25 mm (0.5 to 1 inch) gauge length of the specimen.
The ASTM D3410 test procedure involves aligning the specimen in the wedge grips and tightening the grips. The wedges are then inserted into the compression fixture, and if an extensometer is being used to measure strain, it is attached to the specimen. The specimen is then compressed to failure.
To obtain reliable and consistent results, it is recommended to modify the ASTM D3410 test by using the Hydraulic Composites Test Fixture (HCCF).
The ASTM D3410 test requires a uniform rectangular cross-section specimen, 140 mm to 155 mm (5.5 in to 6 in) long, with a recommended width of 12 mm (0.5 in) or 25 mm (1 in). Various thicknesses can be accommodated, and tabs can be bonded to the ends of the thin specimens to ensure failure in the unsupported gauge length.
The compressive properties tested by ASTM D3410 include ultimate compressive strength, ultimate compressive strain, compressive chord modulus of elasticity, compressive Poisson's ratio, and three-part failure identification codes.
The ultimate compressive strength is the maximum stress experienced by the specimen before failure. The ultimate compressive strain is the strain at the ultimate compressive strength. The compressive chord modulus of elasticity is the slope of the chord connecting two points on the stress-strain curve. The compressive Poisson's ratio is the ratio of the lateral strain to the axial strain of the specimen. The three-part failure identification codes are used to identify the modes of failure, including fiber kinking, splitting, and crushing.
In conclusion, the ASTM D3410 test provides essential data on the compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials. The test is easy to conduct, and the results are reliable and reproducible, making it a vital tool for ensuring the quality and safety of composite materials in various industries.